四大菩萨与佛法的四期发展 the four Bodhisattvas and the four phases of Buddhism's development

四大菩萨与佛法的四期发展 the four Bodhisattvas and the four phases of Buddhism's development：

### 娑婆秽土的二菩萨：地藏与观音

### The Two Bodhisattvas of the Saha World: Kṣitigarbha and Avalokiteśvara

1. **地藏菩萨**：在娑婆世界中，地藏菩萨被称为“地狱未空，誓不成佛”，他象征着无尽的慈悲与救度愿力，尤其是在六道轮回中的地狱道。他的主要任务是救度一切困苦众生，特别是那些在地狱受苦的众生。地藏菩萨的形象与使命，强调了娑婆世界的苦难与解脱的重要性，象征着对无明众生的慈悲与恒久的救赎。

   

   **Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva**: In the Saha World, Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva is known for his vow, “Not until the hells are empty will I become a Buddha.” He symbolizes boundless compassion and the resolve to save all beings, especially those suffering in the hell realms within the six paths of reincarnation. His primary task is to rescue all beings in distress, particularly those suffering in hell. The image and mission of Kṣitigarbha underscore the importance of liberation from the suffering of the Saha World, representing the enduring compassion and salvation for beings in ignorance.

2. **观音菩萨**：同样在娑婆世界，观音菩萨被视为“大慈大悲救苦救难”的象征，她回应众生的呼唤，化现无数形象来帮助众生脱离痛苦。观音菩萨在娑婆世界的角色，不仅是救度受苦的众生，也是引导他们走上菩提之路。她代表了娑婆世界中慈悲与解脱的结合，是一切有情众生的救护者。

   

   **Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva**: Also in the Saha World, Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva is regarded as the embodiment of great compassion, always responding to the cries of sentient beings and manifesting in various forms to relieve their suffering. In the Saha World, Avalokiteśvara not only saves those in distress but also guides them on the path to enlightenment. She represents the union of compassion and liberation within the Saha World, acting as a protector of all sentient beings.

### 华严净土的二菩萨：文殊与普贤

### The Two Bodhisattvas of the Avatamsaka Pure Land: Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra

1. **文殊菩萨**：在华严净土中，文殊菩萨是智慧的象征，代表着一切佛法智慧的根本。他引导众生走上正道，通过智慧的开示帮助他们看破世间的幻象，达到究竟的觉悟。文殊菩萨的教化重在破除无明，开启众生的本性智慧，让他们进入华严净土的深广境界。

   

   **Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva**: In the Avatamsaka Pure Land, Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva is the embodiment of wisdom, representing the fundamental wisdom of all Buddhist teachings. He guides sentient beings onto the right path, helping them see through the illusions of the world through the revelation of wisdom, leading them to ultimate enlightenment. Mañjuśrī’s teachings focus on dispelling ignorance, awakening the innate wisdom of beings, and allowing them to enter the vast and profound realm of the Avatamsaka Pure Land.

2. **普贤菩萨**：作为行愿的象征，普贤菩萨在华严净土中代表着菩萨道的践行与广大誓愿。他的十大愿王是行者的行为指南，引导他们在修行中实现愿力的圆满。他强调的不仅是内在的智慧开显，还包括将智慧转化为行动，通过实际的善行来广度众生，成就无上的佛果。

   

   **Samantabhadra Bodhisattva**: As the symbol of vows and actions, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva represents the practice of the Bodhisattva Path and the fulfillment of vast vows in the Avatamsaka Pure Land. His Ten Great Vows serve as a guide for practitioners, leading them to perfect their vows in their practice. He emphasizes not only the inner awakening of wisdom but also the transformation of that wisdom into action, through which beings are widely benefited, ultimately leading to supreme Buddhahood.

### 中央佛性的统一

### The Unification of Central Buddhahood

无论是娑婆世界的地藏与观音，还是华严净土的文殊与普贤，他们都围绕着中央的佛性展开修行与教化。释迦牟尼佛作为娑婆世界的教主，承担着众生在五浊恶世中的解脱与教化任务，而华严净土中的毗卢遮那佛，则象征着佛法的无量光明与普遍智力。

Whether it is Kṣitigarbha and Avalokiteśvara in the Saha World or Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra in the Avatamsaka Pure Land, they all revolve around the central Buddhahood in their practice and teachings. Śākyamuni Buddha, as the Lord of the Saha World, takes on the responsibility of liberating and teaching beings in the defiled world, while Vairocana Buddha in the Avatamsaka Pure Land symbolizes the boundless light and universal wisdom of the Dharma.

这两大净土及其护法菩萨，共同构成了佛法的圆融体系：在苦难中有慈悲的救度与智慧的引导，在净土中有愿力的成就与智慧的究竟。这一切都未曾离开中央的佛性智慧，显示出佛法中各个净土、各位菩萨之间的深厚关联与内在统一。

These two great Pure Lands and their guardian Bodhisattvas together form an integrated system of Buddhism: there is compassionate salvation and wisdom guidance in the midst of suffering, and the realization of vows and ultimate wisdom in the Pure Lands. All of this is never separate from the central Buddhahood and wisdom, demonstrating the deep connections and intrinsic unity between the various Pure Lands and Bodhisattvas in Buddhism.