1. Leadership is doing what is right when no one is watching. （崃按：慎独。十目所视，十手所指，其严乎？）
2. Leadership is communicating people's worth and potential so clearly that they are inspired to see it in themselves.
（摘录自：The Leader in Me by Stephen R. Covey）
2008-12-26
2008-12-24
探讨华文教学的康庄大道——我教女儿“读诵经典”的心路历程
This essay was published in W1 Cluster CL Teachers’ Publication, Yi Xin Ji in July 2006
探讨华文教学的康庄大道：对“读诵经典”的重新认识
——我教女儿“读诵经典”的心路历程
从教育学院毕业后，加入华文教师行列已经15年了。怎样帮助学生把华文学好？怎样才算是把华文教好？新加坡人需要把华文学得跟大陆的中国人以及港台地区的华人一样好吗？这，都是我过去十多年时常思考的。
事实上，我从来也没有怀疑过：要学，就要学最好的；要教，就要教最好的。新加坡人不学华文就算了，要学华文就一定要是“世界级”的，怎么可以妄自菲薄，自甘第二流、第三流，乃至于不入流的水平呢？
在新加坡，怎么可能把华文教到、学到“世界级”的水平呢？这是不是痴人说梦呢？答案很简单：如果没有“超凡的手段”，不要说新加坡，即使是中国大陆、台湾、香港，也不能把华文教到、学到“世界级”的水平！反之，不要说新加坡，就算是比新加坡学习条件更恶劣的地区、国家，也能够办到。
所谓“超凡的手段”，就是“读诵经典”这个既古老又新潮的理念与方法。
一、 基本理念
“读诵经典”的对象是儿童，包括4个阶段：零岁的婴儿、周岁到三岁的幼儿、四到六岁的幼童、七到十二岁的小学生。
“读诵经典”的教材是以《论语》、《老子》为核心的传统文化典籍原文（大字排版，加注拼音），包括：《三字经》、《百家姓》、《千字文》等流传久远的启蒙经典。
“读诵经典”的教学口诀是：“小朋友，跟我念！”
“读诵经典”的教学重点是：“只求熟读，不求理解。”（按照人体的发展规律，儿童时期记忆能力正在发展，在这个时候让他们熟读乃至背诵经典，正好有助于增强记忆力的发展；至于理解能力，还没有到发展的时候，不需要揠苗助长。）
“读诵经典”的信念是：“书读千遍，其意自现。”（按照人类大脑学习的规律，信息反复输入之后，大脑会进行处理、加工，给出新信息。所以，任何大脑正常的婴儿，都可以在短短一年之内学会他最常接触的一种乃至多种语言。语言如此，文字也不例外。）
“读诵经典”的常用方法——“三百”读经法：一百字、一百遍、一百分。（任何一部经典，不论长短，每天都只教一百个字的进度，反复读诵一百遍，过程中一定要用鼓励、赞赏的方式，让孩子在轻松愉快的气氛中，完成读诵的学习任务，让孩子活在“一百分”的高度自信中。其中，“一百字”是实的，意即：要一字一字地数，让每天读诵的字数保持在100字左右；“一百遍”可实可虚，意即：每日反复读诵的遍数可以比100少一些，但必须固定下来；“一百分”是虚的，意即：它强调的是给孩子心理的激励，让他们保持良好的自我感觉。）
关于“读诵经典”的最常见疑问：“懂不懂”的问题。答曰：“不懂，读多了，慢慢就会懂！越不读，就越不懂，乃至一辈子不懂！”。
二、 实践过程
我教导女儿“读诵经典”经过以下5个阶段：
1． 纯理论的立愿阶段：公元2000年，第一次接触到“读诵经典”的理念。王财贵博士本着弘扬人文精神的大愿，深情地讲了一个“文化侏儒”的故事，让我在那之后的连续三天早上都对着镜子流泪发愿：我的女儿一定要健康成长，决不能像自己一样变成“侏儒”。那时，大约是5月份，女儿还在娘胎里，半年后才出世。
2． 聆听（光碟）读诵阶段：公元2002年，是我和女儿一同成长的重要年度。离职在家，虽然在收入方面减少了，但是我和女儿之间却建立起了无比坚固的心灵桥梁。这是我日后成功教导她“读诵经典”的一个重要因素。这一年，主要是制作字卡，逐字逐句教导她《千字文》。字卡的制作，最早是由我太太用马克笔写，后来便由我利用电脑打印，一字一卡，共制作了1000张。后来，我到居士林的儿童读经班（耕心园）当义工老师，获得了《弟子规》和《孝经》的读诵光碟，便开始每天播放一遍给女儿听。听了一段时间，女儿竟然会成段地跟着念，给我们当父母的带来极大的惊喜，也就更加相信儿童的潜能不可限量，儿童读经教育是一条宽阔的大路。（注：2003年，获知北京“四海儿童经典导读教育中心”录制了《论语》、《老子》等经典的读诵光碟，便通过长河书局购买。从此，便常常在家中播放这些光碟。女儿听到耳熟能详后，再打开读本教她读诵，便可取得事半功倍的效果。）
3． 小班（魏老师）学习阶段：公元2003年，我复职后，亲自教导女儿的时间少了，幸运的是裕廊西的玉宝苑民众俱乐部开办了儿童读经班。于是，在魏老师的教导下，女儿学习了《三字经》和《唐诗》（选读30首），并且在该年年底参加了由崇德文教会主办的第一届儿童经典读诵评鉴会会——“小状元会考”。参加这个小班的学习，提供了女儿当众表演的机会，增加了她的学习兴趣，也让她的社交能力得到发展。参加“小状元会考”的录象片段，更是让她回味无穷，百看不厌，给她的童年生活留下一个珍贵的回忆。
4． 大班（耕心园）学习阶段：公元2004—2005年，女儿参加了居士林的“耕心园”儿童读经班，在读诵、讲故事、唱歌、游戏、礼仪各方面都有很明显的进步。特别是每半年到古晋婆罗州高原上的短期学习，对于她的自律能力的培养，帮助很大。大班的学习，让她有机会和大哥哥、大姐姐在一起上课，对于她的心智发展，肯定是一件好事。她也正期待着什么时候能够再一次上山。
5． 家里学习阶段：公元2006年开始，动极思静，我和太太不再让女儿参加外面的读经班，而是让她用“三百”读经法，在家里学习《孟子》这部经典。其实，即使是参加外面的读经班，她在家里“读诵经典”的活动也没有中断。2004年读诵《论语》，2005年读诵《老子》、《大学》、《中庸》。2005年、2006年之交，也读诵了《庄子》中的《逍遥游》与《齐物论》二篇。目前《孟子》正在读诵《公孙丑章句下》。教导她的过程中，我发现了一条规律：只要给予她赏识与激励，她就会读诵得兴高采烈，力求语音准确、语气柔美。如果是用压迫与威胁的手段，她就会读得没精打采，语音模糊、语气粗鲁。有志于教导孩子“读诵经典”的父母或教师，必须留意的是：怎样用一种循循善诱的方式，让孩子喜爱，进而养成自发读诵经典的习惯。这是一门学问，更是一门艺术。
三、 小小总结——把打开“人文世界”的金钥匙交给孩子们
很多人误会，以为让孩子“读诵经典”就是抱残守缺，就是开倒车。殊不知，一味提供孩子物质上的便利，包括电脑、手机之类的先进科技产品，而不给孩子一种健康、平衡的教育，其实是在戕害自己的孩子。——这一点，事关重大，愿有心的父母与未来父母三思。
目前学校偏重的是“硬性”的理工教育，我们在家里通过“读诵经典”，提供“软性”的人文教育给孩子，他们的人格发展不是会更加健全吗？
回到华文教学，真的要静心想一想，我们能不能把学生当成自己的孩子，尽心尽力地把华文中最精彩、最有价值的东西交给他们？
在二十一世纪“知识经济”的信息时代，我们到底要提供一种怎样的华文教育给我们的下一代？我们是否还是停留在单纯的“生存”的层面去考虑教育问题？对于“生活”的广度与“生命”的深度这两个层面的呼唤，我们是否还能继续充耳不闻呢？
个人以为，任何国家，不论幅员大小，不论历史长短，不论人口多寡，要想培养二十一世纪的国际型跨文化人材，他们的教育就必须同时满足生存、生活与生命这三个层面的需求。狮城再小，人口再少，我们也不能妄自菲薄，自我矮化，甘于做个文化侏儒啊！
不久前，台湾文化狂人对狮城子民毫不客气，一则戏言“笨”，再则喝斥“种不好”，引起一阵纷扰。问题的关键，其实在于狮城子民的独立思考能力不强、文化修养不足。要解决问题，就不能讳疾忌医，顾左右而言他，更不能以牙还牙地反唇相讥，或采用阿Q式的精神胜利法。
我们要睁开眼睛看一看，“读诵经典”已经成为一场全球华人世界的国际竞赛。在这个世界上，很多华人父母已经觉醒了，已经走出了“文化自卑症”的阴影。他们清楚认识到《论语》、《老子》等传统文化经典，正是打开“人文世界”的金钥匙。他们知道，趁孩子的童年时期教他们“读诵经典”，正是尝试把这把金钥匙交给他们。
在此，我衷心祝愿，有朝一日，狮城也可以培养出“人文世界”里的巨人，为唤醒全人类中的后知后觉，发出震惊千里的狮子吼！
探讨华文教学的康庄大道：对“读诵经典”的重新认识
——我教女儿“读诵经典”的心路历程
从教育学院毕业后，加入华文教师行列已经15年了。怎样帮助学生把华文学好？怎样才算是把华文教好？新加坡人需要把华文学得跟大陆的中国人以及港台地区的华人一样好吗？这，都是我过去十多年时常思考的。
事实上，我从来也没有怀疑过：要学，就要学最好的；要教，就要教最好的。新加坡人不学华文就算了，要学华文就一定要是“世界级”的，怎么可以妄自菲薄，自甘第二流、第三流，乃至于不入流的水平呢？
在新加坡，怎么可能把华文教到、学到“世界级”的水平呢？这是不是痴人说梦呢？答案很简单：如果没有“超凡的手段”，不要说新加坡，即使是中国大陆、台湾、香港，也不能把华文教到、学到“世界级”的水平！反之，不要说新加坡，就算是比新加坡学习条件更恶劣的地区、国家，也能够办到。
所谓“超凡的手段”，就是“读诵经典”这个既古老又新潮的理念与方法。
一、 基本理念
“读诵经典”的对象是儿童，包括4个阶段：零岁的婴儿、周岁到三岁的幼儿、四到六岁的幼童、七到十二岁的小学生。
“读诵经典”的教材是以《论语》、《老子》为核心的传统文化典籍原文（大字排版，加注拼音），包括：《三字经》、《百家姓》、《千字文》等流传久远的启蒙经典。
“读诵经典”的教学口诀是：“小朋友，跟我念！”
“读诵经典”的教学重点是：“只求熟读，不求理解。”（按照人体的发展规律，儿童时期记忆能力正在发展，在这个时候让他们熟读乃至背诵经典，正好有助于增强记忆力的发展；至于理解能力，还没有到发展的时候，不需要揠苗助长。）
“读诵经典”的信念是：“书读千遍，其意自现。”（按照人类大脑学习的规律，信息反复输入之后，大脑会进行处理、加工，给出新信息。所以，任何大脑正常的婴儿，都可以在短短一年之内学会他最常接触的一种乃至多种语言。语言如此，文字也不例外。）
“读诵经典”的常用方法——“三百”读经法：一百字、一百遍、一百分。（任何一部经典，不论长短，每天都只教一百个字的进度，反复读诵一百遍，过程中一定要用鼓励、赞赏的方式，让孩子在轻松愉快的气氛中，完成读诵的学习任务，让孩子活在“一百分”的高度自信中。其中，“一百字”是实的，意即：要一字一字地数，让每天读诵的字数保持在100字左右；“一百遍”可实可虚，意即：每日反复读诵的遍数可以比100少一些，但必须固定下来；“一百分”是虚的，意即：它强调的是给孩子心理的激励，让他们保持良好的自我感觉。）
关于“读诵经典”的最常见疑问：“懂不懂”的问题。答曰：“不懂，读多了，慢慢就会懂！越不读，就越不懂，乃至一辈子不懂！”。
二、 实践过程
我教导女儿“读诵经典”经过以下5个阶段：
1． 纯理论的立愿阶段：公元2000年，第一次接触到“读诵经典”的理念。王财贵博士本着弘扬人文精神的大愿，深情地讲了一个“文化侏儒”的故事，让我在那之后的连续三天早上都对着镜子流泪发愿：我的女儿一定要健康成长，决不能像自己一样变成“侏儒”。那时，大约是5月份，女儿还在娘胎里，半年后才出世。
2． 聆听（光碟）读诵阶段：公元2002年，是我和女儿一同成长的重要年度。离职在家，虽然在收入方面减少了，但是我和女儿之间却建立起了无比坚固的心灵桥梁。这是我日后成功教导她“读诵经典”的一个重要因素。这一年，主要是制作字卡，逐字逐句教导她《千字文》。字卡的制作，最早是由我太太用马克笔写，后来便由我利用电脑打印，一字一卡，共制作了1000张。后来，我到居士林的儿童读经班（耕心园）当义工老师，获得了《弟子规》和《孝经》的读诵光碟，便开始每天播放一遍给女儿听。听了一段时间，女儿竟然会成段地跟着念，给我们当父母的带来极大的惊喜，也就更加相信儿童的潜能不可限量，儿童读经教育是一条宽阔的大路。（注：2003年，获知北京“四海儿童经典导读教育中心”录制了《论语》、《老子》等经典的读诵光碟，便通过长河书局购买。从此，便常常在家中播放这些光碟。女儿听到耳熟能详后，再打开读本教她读诵，便可取得事半功倍的效果。）
3． 小班（魏老师）学习阶段：公元2003年，我复职后，亲自教导女儿的时间少了，幸运的是裕廊西的玉宝苑民众俱乐部开办了儿童读经班。于是，在魏老师的教导下，女儿学习了《三字经》和《唐诗》（选读30首），并且在该年年底参加了由崇德文教会主办的第一届儿童经典读诵评鉴会会——“小状元会考”。参加这个小班的学习，提供了女儿当众表演的机会，增加了她的学习兴趣，也让她的社交能力得到发展。参加“小状元会考”的录象片段，更是让她回味无穷，百看不厌，给她的童年生活留下一个珍贵的回忆。
4． 大班（耕心园）学习阶段：公元2004—2005年，女儿参加了居士林的“耕心园”儿童读经班，在读诵、讲故事、唱歌、游戏、礼仪各方面都有很明显的进步。特别是每半年到古晋婆罗州高原上的短期学习，对于她的自律能力的培养，帮助很大。大班的学习，让她有机会和大哥哥、大姐姐在一起上课，对于她的心智发展，肯定是一件好事。她也正期待着什么时候能够再一次上山。
5． 家里学习阶段：公元2006年开始，动极思静，我和太太不再让女儿参加外面的读经班，而是让她用“三百”读经法，在家里学习《孟子》这部经典。其实，即使是参加外面的读经班，她在家里“读诵经典”的活动也没有中断。2004年读诵《论语》，2005年读诵《老子》、《大学》、《中庸》。2005年、2006年之交，也读诵了《庄子》中的《逍遥游》与《齐物论》二篇。目前《孟子》正在读诵《公孙丑章句下》。教导她的过程中，我发现了一条规律：只要给予她赏识与激励，她就会读诵得兴高采烈，力求语音准确、语气柔美。如果是用压迫与威胁的手段，她就会读得没精打采，语音模糊、语气粗鲁。有志于教导孩子“读诵经典”的父母或教师，必须留意的是：怎样用一种循循善诱的方式，让孩子喜爱，进而养成自发读诵经典的习惯。这是一门学问，更是一门艺术。
三、 小小总结——把打开“人文世界”的金钥匙交给孩子们
很多人误会，以为让孩子“读诵经典”就是抱残守缺，就是开倒车。殊不知，一味提供孩子物质上的便利，包括电脑、手机之类的先进科技产品，而不给孩子一种健康、平衡的教育，其实是在戕害自己的孩子。——这一点，事关重大，愿有心的父母与未来父母三思。
目前学校偏重的是“硬性”的理工教育，我们在家里通过“读诵经典”，提供“软性”的人文教育给孩子，他们的人格发展不是会更加健全吗？
回到华文教学，真的要静心想一想，我们能不能把学生当成自己的孩子，尽心尽力地把华文中最精彩、最有价值的东西交给他们？
在二十一世纪“知识经济”的信息时代，我们到底要提供一种怎样的华文教育给我们的下一代？我们是否还是停留在单纯的“生存”的层面去考虑教育问题？对于“生活”的广度与“生命”的深度这两个层面的呼唤，我们是否还能继续充耳不闻呢？
个人以为，任何国家，不论幅员大小，不论历史长短，不论人口多寡，要想培养二十一世纪的国际型跨文化人材，他们的教育就必须同时满足生存、生活与生命这三个层面的需求。狮城再小，人口再少，我们也不能妄自菲薄，自我矮化，甘于做个文化侏儒啊！
不久前，台湾文化狂人对狮城子民毫不客气，一则戏言“笨”，再则喝斥“种不好”，引起一阵纷扰。问题的关键，其实在于狮城子民的独立思考能力不强、文化修养不足。要解决问题，就不能讳疾忌医，顾左右而言他，更不能以牙还牙地反唇相讥，或采用阿Q式的精神胜利法。
我们要睁开眼睛看一看，“读诵经典”已经成为一场全球华人世界的国际竞赛。在这个世界上，很多华人父母已经觉醒了，已经走出了“文化自卑症”的阴影。他们清楚认识到《论语》、《老子》等传统文化经典，正是打开“人文世界”的金钥匙。他们知道，趁孩子的童年时期教他们“读诵经典”，正是尝试把这把金钥匙交给他们。
在此，我衷心祝愿，有朝一日，狮城也可以培养出“人文世界”里的巨人，为唤醒全人类中的后知后觉，发出震惊千里的狮子吼！
2008-12-23
12生肖的人格修养含义
1 鼠：机警（躲避危险，保全生命）Alert；
2 牛：勤劳（只问耕耘，不问收获）Diligent；
3 虎：威仪（仪表堂堂，领袖风范）Dignity；
4 兔：敏捷（静如处子，动若脱兔）Proactive；
5 龙：愿景（超越困境，追求突破）Visionary；
6 蛇：忍耐（深藏不露，大智若愚）Persistent；
7 马：闯劲（驰骋千里，行地无疆）Vibrant；
8 羊：善良（美善吉祥，感恩父母）Kind；
9 猴：智慧（脑筋灵活，富有创意）Wise；
10 鸡：守时（事先计划，按时行事）Punctual；
11 狗：警戒（自我警惕，防非止过）Vigilant；
12 猪：奉献（不怕牺牲，勇敢付出）Delicated。
2 牛：勤劳（只问耕耘，不问收获）Diligent；
3 虎：威仪（仪表堂堂，领袖风范）Dignity；
4 兔：敏捷（静如处子，动若脱兔）Proactive；
5 龙：愿景（超越困境，追求突破）Visionary；
6 蛇：忍耐（深藏不露，大智若愚）Persistent；
7 马：闯劲（驰骋千里，行地无疆）Vibrant；
8 羊：善良（美善吉祥，感恩父母）Kind；
9 猴：智慧（脑筋灵活，富有创意）Wise；
10 鸡：守时（事先计划，按时行事）Punctual；
11 狗：警戒（自我警惕，防非止过）Vigilant；
12 猪：奉献（不怕牺牲，勇敢付出）Delicated。
从知行、人己关系到身心的安顿
（2008－7－11 偶思）
1 知为己，行为人。
2 为己者，己中有人；为人者，人中有己。
3 己中有人，良知也；人中有己，社会也。
4 良知者，安心之处也；社会者，安身之处也。
1 知为己，行为人。
2 为己者，己中有人；为人者，人中有己。
3 己中有人，良知也；人中有己，社会也。
4 良知者，安心之处也；社会者，安身之处也。
2008-12-22
一千年前是宋朝（1000AD）
一千年前是宋朝（1000AD）
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1 宋（960~1279）：1127北宋亡、南宋兴）（“辽与金，皆称帝”）
2 元（1206~1368）：1234灭金，1271定国号，1279灭南宋
3 明（1368~1644）
4 清（1644~1912）
5 近代（1840~1919）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 宋明理学的出现：中国学术思想发展的第二个高峰
2 又一次的民族大融合
3 推翻帝制
丙：代表人物：
1 朱熹、王阳明
2 苏轼、辛弃疾、李清照
3 罗贯中、施耐庵、吴承恩、曹雪芹
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1 宋（960~1279）：1127北宋亡、南宋兴）（“辽与金，皆称帝”）
2 元（1206~1368）：1234灭金，1271定国号，1279灭南宋
3 明（1368~1644）
4 清（1644~1912）
5 近代（1840~1919）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 宋明理学的出现：中国学术思想发展的第二个高峰
2 又一次的民族大融合
3 推翻帝制
丙：代表人物：
1 朱熹、王阳明
2 苏轼、辛弃疾、李清照
3 罗贯中、施耐庵、吴承恩、曹雪芹
两千年前是东汉（公元前后）
两千年前是东汉 （公元前后）
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1 东汉（25~220）
2三国（220~280）
3晋（265~420）： （317西晋亡、东晋兴）
4 南北朝（420~589）：（南朝包括：宋、齐、梁、陈；北朝包括：北魏、东魏、西魏、北齐、北周）
5 隋（518~618）
6 唐（618~907）
7 五代（907~960）：（共包括：后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 佛教在东汉初年传入中国，经过600多年学习，终于在唐朝开花结果，自此中国文化形成儒、释、道三足鼎立的格局。
2 汉朝400年和唐朝300年都是民族大融合的时期，至今中文所谓“汉族”、“汉字”和“唐人街”等都和这两个朝代有关。
丙、代表人物：
1 许慎（《说文解字》）
2 李白、杜甫、白居易
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1 东汉（25~220）
2三国（220~280）
3晋（265~420）： （317西晋亡、东晋兴）
4 南北朝（420~589）：（南朝包括：宋、齐、梁、陈；北朝包括：北魏、东魏、西魏、北齐、北周）
5 隋（518~618）
6 唐（618~907）
7 五代（907~960）：（共包括：后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 佛教在东汉初年传入中国，经过600多年学习，终于在唐朝开花结果，自此中国文化形成儒、释、道三足鼎立的格局。
2 汉朝400年和唐朝300年都是民族大融合的时期，至今中文所谓“汉族”、“汉字”和“唐人街”等都和这两个朝代有关。
丙、代表人物：
1 许慎（《说文解字》）
2 李白、杜甫、白居易
三千年前是西周（1000BC）
三千年前是西周（1000BC）
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1 西周 （1046BC~ 770BC）
2春秋战国时代（770BC~221BC）
3 秦朝（221BC~206BC）
4 西汉（206BC~25AD）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 “易诗书，礼春秋”等文化原典的形成
2 儒家、道家等学派的创立
3 专制政体的确立
丙、代表人物：
1 孔子（至圣先师）
2 秦始皇（统一文字）
3 汉武帝（统一思想）
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1 西周 （1046BC~ 770BC）
2春秋战国时代（770BC~221BC）
3 秦朝（221BC~206BC）
4 西汉（206BC~25AD）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 “易诗书，礼春秋”等文化原典的形成
2 儒家、道家等学派的创立
3 专制政体的确立
丙、代表人物：
1 孔子（至圣先师）
2 秦始皇（统一文字）
3 汉武帝（统一思想）
四千年前是夏朝（2000BC）
四千年前是夏朝（2000BC）
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1夏朝（2070BC~1600BC）
2商朝（1600BC~1046BC）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 出现历史上第一个“父传子，家天下”的朝代
2 历史上第一次的“改朝换代”：“汤伐夏”
丙、代表人物：
1 大禹
2商汤
甲、包括朝代/时期：
1夏朝（2070BC~1600BC）
2商朝（1600BC~1046BC）
乙、人文历史大事：
1 出现历史上第一个“父传子，家天下”的朝代
2 历史上第一次的“改朝换代”：“汤伐夏”
丙、代表人物：
1 大禹
2商汤
2008-12-20
《弟子规》浅译
《弟子规》浅译
《弟子规》全文360句，1080字。按文意断读，4句一意，共90意。浅译下：
90段“浅译”内容（附：教学建议）
条目一：总介绍
1 《弟子规》是中国文化精英们（其中，孔子可说是精英中的精英，是最高的代表人物）代代相传的做人和做学问的道理。在这部经典之中，首先提到的是“孝顺父母”和“友爱兄弟”这两个方面，其次提到的是“谨慎做事”和“诚信做人”这两个方面。
（教学建议：鼓励学生去图书馆借阅或上互联网浏览有关孔子的书籍、网页。）
2 《弟子规》提到的第五个方面是“博爱大众”，第六个方面是“亲近善人”。至于第七个方面，指的就是努力实践以上六个方面有关做人的道理之后，就要把时间、精力用来阅读好书，以便掌握各类文化知识。
（教学建议：关于如何“掌握各类文化知识”，可向学生推荐《三字经》。）
条目二：孝顺父母
3 父母呼唤时，我们应该马上回答，不可迟缓；父母吩咐时，我们应该立刻行动，不可推延。
（教学建议：请学生分享自己的家庭生活经验。）
4 父母教导时，我们必须恭敬地聆听、接受；父母责备时，我们必须用一种自我反省、自我改进的心态来加以顺从、承担。
（教学建议：强调自我反省、自我改进的重要。）
5 我们要时时关心父母的身体健康：天气冷时，要关心他们有没有保暖；天气热时，要关心他们有没有保持凉爽。每天早晚一定要记得请安：早上关心父母一夜有没有睡好，晚上恳请父母放心安睡。
（教学建议：讲黄香“扇枕温席”的故事给学生听。）
6 凡是出门去，一定要先告诉父母去哪里、跟谁在一起、做什么事、什么时候回家等详情；出门回家之后，也一定要当面向父母报告这次出门所见所闻，并分享自己对事情的看法。每天生活起居，要保持良好的习惯，有一定的规律；工作或学习，也要有合理的计划和安排，不要随便改变。
（教学建议：强调亲子沟通的重要。强调培养良好生活习惯和学习习惯的重要。）
7 错的事，就算是再小，也不要任意去做；如果任意去做，那就对不起父母，不是个好子女了。
（教学建议：可用遵守校规作例子。）
8 不属于自己的东西，就算是再小，也不要偷偷收藏；如果偷偷收藏，那就会令父母伤心。
（教学建议：可补充“廉洁”二字。）
9 父母喜欢的东西，要尽最大努力为他们准备齐全；父母讨厌的东西，要尽可能小心地为他们减少、排除。
（教学难点：父母的“好恶”不当，怎么办？）
10 我们的身体受伤了，父母就会为我们担忧；我们的品行不好，父母就会感到羞耻。
11 父母亲爱护我们，我们孝顺他们，这并不困难；父母亲厌恶我们，我们还保持孝顺，这才是真正的德行。
12 父母亲有了过失，我们有义务劝告他们改过。劝告时，脸色要温和，语气要柔和。
13 如果父母亲不接受劝告，就要等待他们心情好的时候再加以劝告。如果父母还是不接受，就哭泣着跟随在他们身后劝告。即使父母因此发怒打骂我们，我们也不会怨恨。
14 父母亲生病时，我们要关心他们服药的情况，而且要随时在病床旁边照顾他们。
15 父母亲去世后，我们守丧三年，难免时常思念父母养育之恩未报而悲伤呜咽。在这期间，居家布置要保持简朴，还要避免游乐场所以及大吃大喝。
16 我们要依照礼仪来办理父母亲的丧事，过后逢年过节以及忌日要用真诚的心来祭拜父母亲。不论丧礼或祭礼，我们对待去世的父母亲，要好像他们还和我们生活在一起。
条目三：友爱兄弟
17 兄姐要友爱弟妹，弟妹要恭敬兄姐。兄弟姐妹能够和睦相处，其中就表现了一份孝顺之心。
18 兄弟姐妹之间，能够重视情谊，轻视财物，自然不会产生怨恨、争夺的心理；说话时能够包容
忍耐，不说伤害感情的话，一切的不满和冲突也就消除了。
19 不管是喝饮料还是吃东西，都要让长辈先用。如果是和长辈坐在一起，就要请长辈先坐；如果是和长辈走在一起，就要请长辈先走。
20 长辈叫唤一个人时，我们听到了，就要马上替长辈传唤。如果那个人不在，就要到长辈面前报告，并问长辈自己是否可以代劳。
21 和长辈说话，要有适当的称呼，不可直呼其名；在长辈面前，要保持谦虚，不要炫耀自己的才能。
22 路上遇到长辈，要快步上前去行礼问好。长辈没话和我们说，就要恭敬地退到一旁站着，让长辈先走。
23 如果自己是骑马，遇到长辈就应下马；如果乘坐车辆，就应下车。让长辈先过去，等待大约离我们一百步的距离后，自己才上马或上车。
对照李白诗句：“孤帆远影碧空尽”。
24 长辈站着时，我们身为小辈不可先坐下来。长辈坐下后，让我们也坐下时，才可以坐下来。
25 在长辈面前说话，声量要放低一些；但是声量如果低到让长辈听不清楚，那也不适当。
（教学建议：讲解“过犹不及”的意思。）
26 进前会见长辈时，脚步要加快；向长辈告退时，脚步要放慢退出。长辈问话时，要站起来回答，而且眼神要注视长辈，不要东张西望。
27 对待叔叔、伯伯，要像对待自己的父亲一样恭敬；对待堂兄、表兄，要像对待自己的胞兄一样友爱。
条目四：谨慎做事
28 我们早上要尽量早起，晚上要晚点睡觉。少年人一转眼就是老年人呀，我们一定要好好珍惜宝贵的光阴。
（教学建议：讲解“花开堪折直须折”的意思。）
29 我们每天早上起床必须先洗脸，然后漱口、刷牙。上完厕所，不论大、小便，都一定要把手洗干净。
30 我们出门时，头上帽子一定要戴端正，身上衣服的钮扣一定要结整齐；脚下袜子和鞋子也要穿得整整齐齐。
31 我们出门回到家，脱下来的帽子、衣服应该放回固定的位置，不要随手乱丢乱放，以免弄皱、弄脏了。
32 我们穿衣服注重的是整齐、清洁，不在衣服的昂贵、华丽；而且，要依照自己的身份穿着，也要配合家庭的经济状况。
（教学建议：劝诫学生不可盲目追名牌、跟潮流。）
33 我们对于食物，不要挑剔、偏食，而且要吃适当的分量，不要吃过量。
34 我们还是青少年，不应该尝试喝酒；否则，喝醉了就会表现出不当言行，丑态百出。
35 我们走路时脚步要从容不迫，站立时姿势要端正大方；行礼时身子要弯腰九十度，叩拜时内心要保持恭敬。
36 我们进门时，要注意脚不要踩到门槛上去；站立时，不要一只脚斜站或是身子斜靠他物；坐着时，不要把双脚展开像畚箕或是虎踞的样子，也不要抖脚、摇大腿。
37 我们进门掀门帘时，动作要轻缓，不要发出声音；走路转弯时，弧度要大一些，不要碰到尖锐的棱角。
（教学重点：不妨碍别人，不伤害自己）
38 我们拿空的器具，要像拿盛满的一样小心；进到没人的屋子里，要像进到有人的屋子一样恭敬。
（教学重点：时时小心，处处稳重）
39 我们做事不要匆匆忙忙，匆忙就容易出错；遇到该办的事，不要害怕困难而退缩，也不要轻率随便而误事。
40 容易发生打斗的场所，我们不要靠近逗留；邪恶、怪僻的事，我们也不要好奇追问。
41 我们将要入门之前，应该先问一声“有人在吗”；将要走上厅堂时，应该先提高声量通报。
42 当人家问“你是谁”，我们回答时一定要说出自己的名字；如果只说“吾”或者“我”，对方就弄不清楚到底是谁，而可能发生误解。
43 我们如果要用别人的东西，就要光明正大地请求他借用；如果没有问过别人就拿来用，那就相当于偷窃的行为了。
44 我们如果借用别人的东西，用完了要立刻归还。能做到这点，以后遇到急用，要再次向人借用时就比较不会有困难。
条目五：诚信做人
45 我们开口说话，一定要把“诚信”摆在第一位 ；哪里可以说一些假话、空话、大话，来自欺欺人呢？
46 我们与其多嘴多舌，话说得很多，不如沉默寡言，少说一点。至于说话的内容，要实事求是，不要花言巧语。
47 奸诈取巧的语言，下流肮脏的话，以及街头无赖粗俗的口气，我们都要注意避免，不去沾染。
48 任何事情我们还没有看到真相之前，一定不要轻易发表意见；对事情还了解得不够清楚明白时，一定不要轻易传播出去。
49 我们如果觉得事情不太恰当，就不要轻易答应别人。如果轻易答应别人，那就会造成自己做也不是，不做也不是，进退两难。
50 我们说话咬字要清楚，语气要舒缓；不可说得太快太急，也不可说得模糊不清。
51 如果遇到有人聚在一起谈论别人的是非、好坏，我们一定要保持距离，不要多管闲事。
（教学重点：来说是非者，便是是非人。）
52 看见别人的优点、好行为，我们就要立刻想到向他们学习、看齐；就算目前自己的能力和他们相差很远，也要下定决心，逐渐赶上。
（教学重点：学习好榜样，让自己也成为好榜样。）
53 看见别人的缺点、不良行为，我们就要立刻反躬自省，检讨自己是否也有这些过失：如果有，就马上改掉；如果没有，就更加警觉，不犯同样的过失。
（教学重点：“以人为镜”。）
54 当品德、学问、才能和技艺不如别人时，我们就应当自我勉励，努力赶上。
（教学重点：人应当追求高水平的精神生活。）
55当穿着、打扮、吃的、喝的不如别人时，却不必放在心上，更不用忧虑、自卑。
（教学重点：人不应当沉溺在物质享受之中。）
56如果我们听到别人指出自己的过失就生气，听到别人称赞自己就欢喜；那么，坏朋友就会来接近我们，良朋益友反而逐渐疏远 了。
（教学重点：物以类聚，人以群分。）
57如果我们听到别人称赞自己，懂得自我反省，唯恐自己没有那些优点；听到别人指出自己的过失，懂得欢喜接受，以提升自己德行。那么，正直诚信的人就会逐渐喜欢和我们亲近了。
58 我们事先不知道，结果无心做了不对的事，那叫做“过错”；明知道是不对的事，却故意去做，那叫做“罪恶”。
59 我们不小心犯了过错，能勇于改过，就会越改越少，逐渐回归到“无过”的境界；如果为了面子，死不认错，还要去掩饰，那就是错上加错了。
（教学重点：人非圣贤，孰能无过？过而能改，善莫大焉！）
条目六：博爱大众
60 只要是人，就是同类，不分种族、语言、宗教，我们都要用一颗博爱的心加以爱护、帮助，如同苍天覆盖万物，如同大地承载万物。
（教学重点：互助合作是人类进化的法则。）
61 我们要知道，情操高尚、道德修养好的人，名声自然高；人们敬重的，并不是那些空具美丽外表容貌的人。
（教学重点：敬重德行。）
62 我们要知道，才能杰出、办事能力高的人，声望自然大；人们佩服的，并不是那些只会高谈阔论的人。
（教学重点：佩服才能。）
63 我们自己如果有才能，就不要自私自利，只想到自己，应该学习为大众服务。如果别人有才能，我们却不可轻易批评，应该多加赞美肯定。
64 我们不要巴结、讨好富有的人，不要瞧不起贫穷的人；不要厌恶、遗弃旧亲友、旧事物，不要一味喜爱新朋友、新事物。
65 当别人正在忙碌做事时，我们不要再另外找事去打搅他；当别人正在感到不安时，我们不要再闲言闲语去干扰他。
66 别人的短处、缺点，我们千万不要去揭穿；别人的隐私、秘密，我们千万不要去张扬。
67 赞美别人的善行，就等于是我们自己行善一样。因为对方知道了，就会更加努力行善。
68 宣扬别人的罪恶，就等于是我们自己作恶一样。因为过分地憎恶，只会把对方进一步推向罪恶的深渊，给自己招来不必要的灾祸。
69 我们和朋友之间，应该互相劝勉行善，使到彼此都能建立良好的德行；如果有了过错，而不互相规劝，双方的品行就会留下缺陷。
70 我们和别人有财物上的往来，应当分辨清楚，不可含糊。财物送给别人，应该慷慨大方，多给一些；取用别人的财物，则应该谨慎小心，少拿一些。
（教学重点：吃亏是福。）
71 我们要拜托别人做一件事，或是有话要对别人说时，都应该先问问自己：如果是别人拜托自己做这件事，或是对自己说这些话，自己是不是喜欢？如果自己不喜欢别人这么做，自己现在就应该马上停止。
（教学重点：己所不欲，勿施于人。）
72 受人恩惠，我们要时时想着报答；别人有对不起自己的事，我们要宽大为怀，把它忘掉。报复、怨恨的念头，停留心中的时间越短越好；感恩、报恩的念头，却要永远地保存在心中。
（教学重点：滴水之恩，涌泉以报。）
73 对待家中的的婢女和仆人，我们本身行为要注重端正庄重。虽然注重端正庄重，我们还要进一步做到仁慈和宽大。
（教学重点：得饶人处且饶人。）
74 我们如果利用权势强迫别人服从，对方难免口服心不服。只有通过讲道理去感化、劝服别人，对方才会心悦诚服，没有怨言。
条目七：亲近善人
75 我们要知道，同样是人，善恶邪正、心智高低却是良莠不齐，人与人相互间的差别可以是很大的。一般来说，跟着潮流走的俗人占了绝大部分，仁慈博爱的善人是相对稀少的。
（教学重点：物以稀为贵。）
76 我们要知道，对于一位真正有道德修养的人，人们自然会很敬畏他。因为他不怕说真话，也不装笑脸去奉承、讨好别人。
77 能够亲近真正有道德修养的人，向他学习，我们将会得到无限的好处。我们的德行将会一天天地进步，我们的过失将会一天天地减少。
78 不肯亲近真正有道德修养的人，向他学习，我们的损失是无法估计的。那些没有德行、没有修养的人，就会跑来围绕在我们身旁，导致我们这一生做什么事都不会成功。
条目八：学习文化
79 如果我们不能身体力行“孝弟”、“谨信”和“爱众亲仁”这些本分的事，而只是一味死读书，累积知识，那充其量只不过是养成自己 浮华不实的性格罢了，又怎能成为一个真正有用的人呢？
80 如果我们只是一味注重做本分的事，却不肯读书学习，参考别人的经验，那我们就很容易按照自己的偏见去做事，而无法明白真正的道理和合理的做法。
81 至于读书的方法，我们要注重“三到”：心到、眼到和口到。这“三到”的确都很重要，我们要实实在在地做到。
82 我们读书一定要专心：正在读这一段，就不要想着另一段。这一段还没有读完、读通，就不要跳到另一段去读。
83 我们订读书计划时，时限要订宽松一些，但实际执行时，却要加紧用功，不可偷懒。遇到书中有难以理解的地方，就要专心研究，日积月累，工夫到了，自然就能豁然贯通。
84 我们读书遇到有疑问的地方，就要随时把问题记录下来，一有机会，就向良师益友请教，一定要努力求取一个正确的答案。
85 我们的书房要保持清洁，墙壁要保持干净。书桌要整洁，书本、文具要摆放整齐。
（教学重点：笔墨纸砚，文房四宝。）
86 墨如果磨歪了，那是因为我们的心不够端正；字如果写歪斜了，那是因为我们的心不够恭敬。
（教学重点：心为主宰。）
87 我们的书籍、课本要整齐地排放在固定的位置上。书本读完后，要放回原来的地方。
88 即使突然有急事，我们也要把正在阅读的书籍收拾整齐后再离去。书本如果有残缺、 损坏的地方，要立刻修补，保持完整。
89 如果不是引导人向善向上的好书，我们就坚决不阅读。因为这类书籍不利于我们身心的健康发展，损害我们的思想和品行。
90 我们既不要狂妄冒进，也不要自卑退缩。只要肯付出努力，循序渐进，我们都可以成为具有深厚道德修养的文化精英。
（教学重点：有志者，事竟成。）
《弟子规》全文360句，1080字。按文意断读，4句一意，共90意。浅译下：
90段“浅译”内容（附：教学建议）
条目一：总介绍
1 《弟子规》是中国文化精英们（其中，孔子可说是精英中的精英，是最高的代表人物）代代相传的做人和做学问的道理。在这部经典之中，首先提到的是“孝顺父母”和“友爱兄弟”这两个方面，其次提到的是“谨慎做事”和“诚信做人”这两个方面。
（教学建议：鼓励学生去图书馆借阅或上互联网浏览有关孔子的书籍、网页。）
2 《弟子规》提到的第五个方面是“博爱大众”，第六个方面是“亲近善人”。至于第七个方面，指的就是努力实践以上六个方面有关做人的道理之后，就要把时间、精力用来阅读好书，以便掌握各类文化知识。
（教学建议：关于如何“掌握各类文化知识”，可向学生推荐《三字经》。）
条目二：孝顺父母
3 父母呼唤时，我们应该马上回答，不可迟缓；父母吩咐时，我们应该立刻行动，不可推延。
（教学建议：请学生分享自己的家庭生活经验。）
4 父母教导时，我们必须恭敬地聆听、接受；父母责备时，我们必须用一种自我反省、自我改进的心态来加以顺从、承担。
（教学建议：强调自我反省、自我改进的重要。）
5 我们要时时关心父母的身体健康：天气冷时，要关心他们有没有保暖；天气热时，要关心他们有没有保持凉爽。每天早晚一定要记得请安：早上关心父母一夜有没有睡好，晚上恳请父母放心安睡。
（教学建议：讲黄香“扇枕温席”的故事给学生听。）
6 凡是出门去，一定要先告诉父母去哪里、跟谁在一起、做什么事、什么时候回家等详情；出门回家之后，也一定要当面向父母报告这次出门所见所闻，并分享自己对事情的看法。每天生活起居，要保持良好的习惯，有一定的规律；工作或学习，也要有合理的计划和安排，不要随便改变。
（教学建议：强调亲子沟通的重要。强调培养良好生活习惯和学习习惯的重要。）
7 错的事，就算是再小，也不要任意去做；如果任意去做，那就对不起父母，不是个好子女了。
（教学建议：可用遵守校规作例子。）
8 不属于自己的东西，就算是再小，也不要偷偷收藏；如果偷偷收藏，那就会令父母伤心。
（教学建议：可补充“廉洁”二字。）
9 父母喜欢的东西，要尽最大努力为他们准备齐全；父母讨厌的东西，要尽可能小心地为他们减少、排除。
（教学难点：父母的“好恶”不当，怎么办？）
10 我们的身体受伤了，父母就会为我们担忧；我们的品行不好，父母就会感到羞耻。
11 父母亲爱护我们，我们孝顺他们，这并不困难；父母亲厌恶我们，我们还保持孝顺，这才是真正的德行。
12 父母亲有了过失，我们有义务劝告他们改过。劝告时，脸色要温和，语气要柔和。
13 如果父母亲不接受劝告，就要等待他们心情好的时候再加以劝告。如果父母还是不接受，就哭泣着跟随在他们身后劝告。即使父母因此发怒打骂我们，我们也不会怨恨。
14 父母亲生病时，我们要关心他们服药的情况，而且要随时在病床旁边照顾他们。
15 父母亲去世后，我们守丧三年，难免时常思念父母养育之恩未报而悲伤呜咽。在这期间，居家布置要保持简朴，还要避免游乐场所以及大吃大喝。
16 我们要依照礼仪来办理父母亲的丧事，过后逢年过节以及忌日要用真诚的心来祭拜父母亲。不论丧礼或祭礼，我们对待去世的父母亲，要好像他们还和我们生活在一起。
条目三：友爱兄弟
17 兄姐要友爱弟妹，弟妹要恭敬兄姐。兄弟姐妹能够和睦相处，其中就表现了一份孝顺之心。
18 兄弟姐妹之间，能够重视情谊，轻视财物，自然不会产生怨恨、争夺的心理；说话时能够包容
忍耐，不说伤害感情的话，一切的不满和冲突也就消除了。
19 不管是喝饮料还是吃东西，都要让长辈先用。如果是和长辈坐在一起，就要请长辈先坐；如果是和长辈走在一起，就要请长辈先走。
20 长辈叫唤一个人时，我们听到了，就要马上替长辈传唤。如果那个人不在，就要到长辈面前报告，并问长辈自己是否可以代劳。
21 和长辈说话，要有适当的称呼，不可直呼其名；在长辈面前，要保持谦虚，不要炫耀自己的才能。
22 路上遇到长辈，要快步上前去行礼问好。长辈没话和我们说，就要恭敬地退到一旁站着，让长辈先走。
23 如果自己是骑马，遇到长辈就应下马；如果乘坐车辆，就应下车。让长辈先过去，等待大约离我们一百步的距离后，自己才上马或上车。
对照李白诗句：“孤帆远影碧空尽”。
24 长辈站着时，我们身为小辈不可先坐下来。长辈坐下后，让我们也坐下时，才可以坐下来。
25 在长辈面前说话，声量要放低一些；但是声量如果低到让长辈听不清楚，那也不适当。
（教学建议：讲解“过犹不及”的意思。）
26 进前会见长辈时，脚步要加快；向长辈告退时，脚步要放慢退出。长辈问话时，要站起来回答，而且眼神要注视长辈，不要东张西望。
27 对待叔叔、伯伯，要像对待自己的父亲一样恭敬；对待堂兄、表兄，要像对待自己的胞兄一样友爱。
条目四：谨慎做事
28 我们早上要尽量早起，晚上要晚点睡觉。少年人一转眼就是老年人呀，我们一定要好好珍惜宝贵的光阴。
（教学建议：讲解“花开堪折直须折”的意思。）
29 我们每天早上起床必须先洗脸，然后漱口、刷牙。上完厕所，不论大、小便，都一定要把手洗干净。
30 我们出门时，头上帽子一定要戴端正，身上衣服的钮扣一定要结整齐；脚下袜子和鞋子也要穿得整整齐齐。
31 我们出门回到家，脱下来的帽子、衣服应该放回固定的位置，不要随手乱丢乱放，以免弄皱、弄脏了。
32 我们穿衣服注重的是整齐、清洁，不在衣服的昂贵、华丽；而且，要依照自己的身份穿着，也要配合家庭的经济状况。
（教学建议：劝诫学生不可盲目追名牌、跟潮流。）
33 我们对于食物，不要挑剔、偏食，而且要吃适当的分量，不要吃过量。
34 我们还是青少年，不应该尝试喝酒；否则，喝醉了就会表现出不当言行，丑态百出。
35 我们走路时脚步要从容不迫，站立时姿势要端正大方；行礼时身子要弯腰九十度，叩拜时内心要保持恭敬。
36 我们进门时，要注意脚不要踩到门槛上去；站立时，不要一只脚斜站或是身子斜靠他物；坐着时，不要把双脚展开像畚箕或是虎踞的样子，也不要抖脚、摇大腿。
37 我们进门掀门帘时，动作要轻缓，不要发出声音；走路转弯时，弧度要大一些，不要碰到尖锐的棱角。
（教学重点：不妨碍别人，不伤害自己）
38 我们拿空的器具，要像拿盛满的一样小心；进到没人的屋子里，要像进到有人的屋子一样恭敬。
（教学重点：时时小心，处处稳重）
39 我们做事不要匆匆忙忙，匆忙就容易出错；遇到该办的事，不要害怕困难而退缩，也不要轻率随便而误事。
40 容易发生打斗的场所，我们不要靠近逗留；邪恶、怪僻的事，我们也不要好奇追问。
41 我们将要入门之前，应该先问一声“有人在吗”；将要走上厅堂时，应该先提高声量通报。
42 当人家问“你是谁”，我们回答时一定要说出自己的名字；如果只说“吾”或者“我”，对方就弄不清楚到底是谁，而可能发生误解。
43 我们如果要用别人的东西，就要光明正大地请求他借用；如果没有问过别人就拿来用，那就相当于偷窃的行为了。
44 我们如果借用别人的东西，用完了要立刻归还。能做到这点，以后遇到急用，要再次向人借用时就比较不会有困难。
条目五：诚信做人
45 我们开口说话，一定要把“诚信”摆在第一位 ；哪里可以说一些假话、空话、大话，来自欺欺人呢？
46 我们与其多嘴多舌，话说得很多，不如沉默寡言，少说一点。至于说话的内容，要实事求是，不要花言巧语。
47 奸诈取巧的语言，下流肮脏的话，以及街头无赖粗俗的口气，我们都要注意避免，不去沾染。
48 任何事情我们还没有看到真相之前，一定不要轻易发表意见；对事情还了解得不够清楚明白时，一定不要轻易传播出去。
49 我们如果觉得事情不太恰当，就不要轻易答应别人。如果轻易答应别人，那就会造成自己做也不是，不做也不是，进退两难。
50 我们说话咬字要清楚，语气要舒缓；不可说得太快太急，也不可说得模糊不清。
51 如果遇到有人聚在一起谈论别人的是非、好坏，我们一定要保持距离，不要多管闲事。
（教学重点：来说是非者，便是是非人。）
52 看见别人的优点、好行为，我们就要立刻想到向他们学习、看齐；就算目前自己的能力和他们相差很远，也要下定决心，逐渐赶上。
（教学重点：学习好榜样，让自己也成为好榜样。）
53 看见别人的缺点、不良行为，我们就要立刻反躬自省，检讨自己是否也有这些过失：如果有，就马上改掉；如果没有，就更加警觉，不犯同样的过失。
（教学重点：“以人为镜”。）
54 当品德、学问、才能和技艺不如别人时，我们就应当自我勉励，努力赶上。
（教学重点：人应当追求高水平的精神生活。）
55当穿着、打扮、吃的、喝的不如别人时，却不必放在心上，更不用忧虑、自卑。
（教学重点：人不应当沉溺在物质享受之中。）
56如果我们听到别人指出自己的过失就生气，听到别人称赞自己就欢喜；那么，坏朋友就会来接近我们，良朋益友反而逐渐疏远 了。
（教学重点：物以类聚，人以群分。）
57如果我们听到别人称赞自己，懂得自我反省，唯恐自己没有那些优点；听到别人指出自己的过失，懂得欢喜接受，以提升自己德行。那么，正直诚信的人就会逐渐喜欢和我们亲近了。
58 我们事先不知道，结果无心做了不对的事，那叫做“过错”；明知道是不对的事，却故意去做，那叫做“罪恶”。
59 我们不小心犯了过错，能勇于改过，就会越改越少，逐渐回归到“无过”的境界；如果为了面子，死不认错，还要去掩饰，那就是错上加错了。
（教学重点：人非圣贤，孰能无过？过而能改，善莫大焉！）
条目六：博爱大众
60 只要是人，就是同类，不分种族、语言、宗教，我们都要用一颗博爱的心加以爱护、帮助，如同苍天覆盖万物，如同大地承载万物。
（教学重点：互助合作是人类进化的法则。）
61 我们要知道，情操高尚、道德修养好的人，名声自然高；人们敬重的，并不是那些空具美丽外表容貌的人。
（教学重点：敬重德行。）
62 我们要知道，才能杰出、办事能力高的人，声望自然大；人们佩服的，并不是那些只会高谈阔论的人。
（教学重点：佩服才能。）
63 我们自己如果有才能，就不要自私自利，只想到自己，应该学习为大众服务。如果别人有才能，我们却不可轻易批评，应该多加赞美肯定。
64 我们不要巴结、讨好富有的人，不要瞧不起贫穷的人；不要厌恶、遗弃旧亲友、旧事物，不要一味喜爱新朋友、新事物。
65 当别人正在忙碌做事时，我们不要再另外找事去打搅他；当别人正在感到不安时，我们不要再闲言闲语去干扰他。
66 别人的短处、缺点，我们千万不要去揭穿；别人的隐私、秘密，我们千万不要去张扬。
67 赞美别人的善行，就等于是我们自己行善一样。因为对方知道了，就会更加努力行善。
68 宣扬别人的罪恶，就等于是我们自己作恶一样。因为过分地憎恶，只会把对方进一步推向罪恶的深渊，给自己招来不必要的灾祸。
69 我们和朋友之间，应该互相劝勉行善，使到彼此都能建立良好的德行；如果有了过错，而不互相规劝，双方的品行就会留下缺陷。
70 我们和别人有财物上的往来，应当分辨清楚，不可含糊。财物送给别人，应该慷慨大方，多给一些；取用别人的财物，则应该谨慎小心，少拿一些。
（教学重点：吃亏是福。）
71 我们要拜托别人做一件事，或是有话要对别人说时，都应该先问问自己：如果是别人拜托自己做这件事，或是对自己说这些话，自己是不是喜欢？如果自己不喜欢别人这么做，自己现在就应该马上停止。
（教学重点：己所不欲，勿施于人。）
72 受人恩惠，我们要时时想着报答；别人有对不起自己的事，我们要宽大为怀，把它忘掉。报复、怨恨的念头，停留心中的时间越短越好；感恩、报恩的念头，却要永远地保存在心中。
（教学重点：滴水之恩，涌泉以报。）
73 对待家中的的婢女和仆人，我们本身行为要注重端正庄重。虽然注重端正庄重，我们还要进一步做到仁慈和宽大。
（教学重点：得饶人处且饶人。）
74 我们如果利用权势强迫别人服从，对方难免口服心不服。只有通过讲道理去感化、劝服别人，对方才会心悦诚服，没有怨言。
条目七：亲近善人
75 我们要知道，同样是人，善恶邪正、心智高低却是良莠不齐，人与人相互间的差别可以是很大的。一般来说，跟着潮流走的俗人占了绝大部分，仁慈博爱的善人是相对稀少的。
（教学重点：物以稀为贵。）
76 我们要知道，对于一位真正有道德修养的人，人们自然会很敬畏他。因为他不怕说真话，也不装笑脸去奉承、讨好别人。
77 能够亲近真正有道德修养的人，向他学习，我们将会得到无限的好处。我们的德行将会一天天地进步，我们的过失将会一天天地减少。
78 不肯亲近真正有道德修养的人，向他学习，我们的损失是无法估计的。那些没有德行、没有修养的人，就会跑来围绕在我们身旁，导致我们这一生做什么事都不会成功。
条目八：学习文化
79 如果我们不能身体力行“孝弟”、“谨信”和“爱众亲仁”这些本分的事，而只是一味死读书，累积知识，那充其量只不过是养成自己 浮华不实的性格罢了，又怎能成为一个真正有用的人呢？
80 如果我们只是一味注重做本分的事，却不肯读书学习，参考别人的经验，那我们就很容易按照自己的偏见去做事，而无法明白真正的道理和合理的做法。
81 至于读书的方法，我们要注重“三到”：心到、眼到和口到。这“三到”的确都很重要，我们要实实在在地做到。
82 我们读书一定要专心：正在读这一段，就不要想着另一段。这一段还没有读完、读通，就不要跳到另一段去读。
83 我们订读书计划时，时限要订宽松一些，但实际执行时，却要加紧用功，不可偷懒。遇到书中有难以理解的地方，就要专心研究，日积月累，工夫到了，自然就能豁然贯通。
84 我们读书遇到有疑问的地方，就要随时把问题记录下来，一有机会，就向良师益友请教，一定要努力求取一个正确的答案。
85 我们的书房要保持清洁，墙壁要保持干净。书桌要整洁，书本、文具要摆放整齐。
（教学重点：笔墨纸砚，文房四宝。）
86 墨如果磨歪了，那是因为我们的心不够端正；字如果写歪斜了，那是因为我们的心不够恭敬。
（教学重点：心为主宰。）
87 我们的书籍、课本要整齐地排放在固定的位置上。书本读完后，要放回原来的地方。
88 即使突然有急事，我们也要把正在阅读的书籍收拾整齐后再离去。书本如果有残缺、 损坏的地方，要立刻修补，保持完整。
89 如果不是引导人向善向上的好书，我们就坚决不阅读。因为这类书籍不利于我们身心的健康发展，损害我们的思想和品行。
90 我们既不要狂妄冒进，也不要自卑退缩。只要肯付出努力，循序渐进，我们都可以成为具有深厚道德修养的文化精英。
（教学重点：有志者，事竟成。）
《弟子规》条目大要
《弟子规》条目大要
条目
大要
总序
《弟子规》依据孔子教诲编成，内容包括：中国文化的两大基石——“孝”、“弟”；生活中应该培养的正确言行——“谨”、“信”；在人群中“俯视”和“仰视”的两个角度——“爱众”、“亲仁”；读书人的本分——“学文”。
入则孝
教导我们从孝顺父母开始，去体会人际关系中“爱”的原则。孝顺父母，并不是一味听从父母的话，而是包括：爱护自己的身体，注意自己的行为，理解父母的好恶，帮助父母改正过失，以及在年老父母病床边侍奉他们，并在他们去世后纪念他们。通过孝顺父母，我们才能在自己内心培养起对人的真诚而深厚的情感。
出则弟
教导我们从恭敬兄长开始，去把握人际关系中“敬”的原则。恭敬兄长的对象，并不局限于家庭、家族中狭义的兄姐，而是包括社会人群中的一切长辈。具体内容包括：兄弟姐妹要和睦相处，要轻财物重亲情，要学会忍耐，在饮食、坐走各方面要礼让长辈，要乐于为长辈效劳，要处处为长辈着想，在长辈前说话、举止要有分寸，还要把家庭生活中培养起的恭敬心推广到更大的社会生活范围。由于恭敬，人与人之间才能保持一段优美的距离；由于礼让，人与人之间才能避免许多无谓的冲突和争斗。
谨
重点是培养有规律、严谨的生活习惯和做事习惯。从每天的起居作息、衣食住行、处事接物的基本规范做起，要求我们料理好自身日常生活的小事。这是生活教育的中心，也是家庭教育的基础，更是现代民主教育中，急需提倡重视的。否则，一味偏重自由、活泼的教育，就容易出现妨碍他人自由、扰乱团体秩序的现象。
信
教导我们说话要讲信用。
泛爱众
亲仁
余力 学文
条目
大要
总序
《弟子规》依据孔子教诲编成，内容包括：中国文化的两大基石——“孝”、“弟”；生活中应该培养的正确言行——“谨”、“信”；在人群中“俯视”和“仰视”的两个角度——“爱众”、“亲仁”；读书人的本分——“学文”。
入则孝
教导我们从孝顺父母开始，去体会人际关系中“爱”的原则。孝顺父母，并不是一味听从父母的话，而是包括：爱护自己的身体，注意自己的行为，理解父母的好恶，帮助父母改正过失，以及在年老父母病床边侍奉他们，并在他们去世后纪念他们。通过孝顺父母，我们才能在自己内心培养起对人的真诚而深厚的情感。
出则弟
教导我们从恭敬兄长开始，去把握人际关系中“敬”的原则。恭敬兄长的对象，并不局限于家庭、家族中狭义的兄姐，而是包括社会人群中的一切长辈。具体内容包括：兄弟姐妹要和睦相处，要轻财物重亲情，要学会忍耐，在饮食、坐走各方面要礼让长辈，要乐于为长辈效劳，要处处为长辈着想，在长辈前说话、举止要有分寸，还要把家庭生活中培养起的恭敬心推广到更大的社会生活范围。由于恭敬，人与人之间才能保持一段优美的距离；由于礼让，人与人之间才能避免许多无谓的冲突和争斗。
谨
重点是培养有规律、严谨的生活习惯和做事习惯。从每天的起居作息、衣食住行、处事接物的基本规范做起，要求我们料理好自身日常生活的小事。这是生活教育的中心，也是家庭教育的基础，更是现代民主教育中，急需提倡重视的。否则，一味偏重自由、活泼的教育，就容易出现妨碍他人自由、扰乱团体秩序的现象。
信
教导我们说话要讲信用。
泛爱众
亲仁
余力 学文
Standards for Being a Good Student and Child
Di Zi Gui（弟子规）
Standards for Being a Good Student and Child
OUTLINE （总叙）
(1)¨Standards for Being a Good Student and Child〃 [1]was taught by Chinese saints and sages of the ancient past. First, it teaches you how to be dutiful to your parents, and how to be respectful and loving to your siblings.[2] Then it teaches you how to be cautious with all people, matters, and things in your daily life, and how to be a trustworthy person, and to believe in the teachings of the ancient saints and sages.[3] Furthermore, it teaches you to love all equally, and to be close to and learn from people of virtue and compassion. When you have accomplished all the above duties, you can study further and learn literature and art to improve the quality of your cultural and spiritual life.
Chapter 1: At home, Be Dutiful to Your Parents（入则孝）
(2) When your parents call you, answer them right away. When they command you to do something, do it quickly. When your parents instruct you, listen respectfully. When your parents reproach you, obey and accept their scolding; try hard to change and improve yourself and start anew.
（3） In the winter, keep your parents warm; in the summer, keep your parents cool. Greet them in the morning to show them that you care. At night be sure that they rest well. Before going out, tell your parents where you are going, for parents are always concerned about their children. After returning home, go and see your parents to let them know you are back, so they do not worry about you. Have a permanent place to stay and lead a routine life. Persist in whatever you do and do not change your aspirations at will.
（4） Although a matter may be considered trivial, but if it is wrong to do it or unfair to the other person, do not do it thinking it will bear little or no consequence. [4] If you do, you are not being a dutiful child because parents do not want to see their child doing things that are irrational or illegal. Even though an object may be small, do not hoard it. If you do, your parents will be heartbroken.[5]
（5）If whatever pleases your parents is fair and reasonable, try your best to get it for them.[6] Should something displease your parents, if within reason,[7] cautiously keep it away from them. When your body is hurt, your parents will be worried. If your virtues[8] are compromised, your parents will feel ashamed. When you have loving parents, it is not difficult to be a dutiful child. But if you are still dutiful to parents who hate you, only then will it meet the standards for being a dutiful child.
（6）When your parents do wrong, urge them to change. Do it with a kind facial expression_ and a warm gentle voice. If they do not accept your advice, wait until they are in a happier mood before you dissuade them again, followed by crying to make them understand why. If they end up whipping you,[9] do not hold a grudge against them.
（7） When your parents are ill, taste the medicine first before giving it to them.[10] Take care of them night and day; do not leave their bedside. During the first three years of mourning after they passed away, remember them with gratitude and feel sad often for not being able to repay them for their kindness in raising you. During this period you should arrange your home to reflect your grief and sorrow. Avoid festivities and indulgence in food and alcoholic drinks. Observe the proper etiquette[11] in arranging their funerals. Hold the memorial ceremony and commemorate their anniversaries with your utmost sincerity. Serve your departed parents as if they were still alive.[12]
Chapter 2: Standards for a Younger Brother When Away from Home （出则弟）
（8） Older siblings should befriend the younger ones, younger siblings should respect and love the older ones. Siblings who keep harmonious relationships among themselves are being dutiful to their parents.[13] When siblings value their ties more than property and belongings, no resentment will grow among them. When siblings are careful with words and hold back hurtful comments, feelings of anger naturally die out.
（9） Whether you are drinking, eating, walking, or sitting, let the elders go first; younger ones should follow. When an elder is asking for someone, get that person for him right away. If you cannot find that person, immediately report back, and put yourself at he elderˇs service instead.
（10） When you address an elder, do not call him by his given name.[14] This is in accord with ancient Chinese etiquette. In front of an elder, do not show off. If you meet an elder you know on the street, promptly clasp your hands and greet him with a bow. If he does not speak to you, step back and respectfully stand aside. Should you be riding on a horse and you spot an elder you know walking[15], you should dismount and pay respect to the elder. If you are riding in a carriage,[16] you should stop, get out of the carriage, and ask if you can give him a ride. If you meet an elder passing by, you should stand aside and wait respectfully; do not leave until you can no longer see him.
（11） When an elder is standing, do not sit. After an elder sits down, sit only when you are told to do so. Before an elder, speak softly. But if your voice is too low and hard to hear, it is not appropriate. When meeting an elder, walk briskly towards him; when leaving, do not exit in haste. When answering a question, look at the person who is asking you the question.
（12） Serve your uncles as if you are serving your parents; [17] Treat your cousins as if they are your own siblings.[18]
Chapter 3: Be Cautious in Your Daily Life （谨）
（13） Get up in the morning before your parents; at night, go to bed only after they have gone to sleep. When you realize that time is passing you by and cannot be turned back, and that you are getting older year by year, you will especially treasure the present moment.[19] When you get up in the morning, wash your face and brush your teeth. After using the toilet, always wash your hands.
（14） You must wear your hat straight,[20] and make sure the hooks[21] of your clothes are tied. Make sure socks and shoes are worn neatly and correctly. Place your hat and clothes away in their proper places. Do not carelessly throw your clothes around, for that will get them dirty.
（15） It is more important that your clothes are clean, rather than how extravagant they are. When with an elder or people of importance, wear what is suitable for your station. At home, wear clothes according to your family traditions and customs. When it comes to eating and drinking, do not pick and choose your food. Eat only the right amount; do not over eat. You are still too young, do not drink alcohol. When you are drunk, your behavior will turn ugly.
（16） Walk composed, with light and even steps. Stand up straight and tall. Your bows should be deep, with hands held in front and arms rounded. Always pay your respect with reverence.[22] Do not step on doorsills. Do not stand leaning on one leg. Do not sit with your legs apart or sprawled out. Do not rock the lower part of your body while sitting down.
（17） Lift the curtain slowly,[23] do not make a sound. Leave yourself room when you turn to make sure you do not bump into a corner. Hold carefully empty containers as if they were full.[24] Enter empty rooms as if they were occupied.[25] Avoid doing things in a hurry, as doing things in haste will lead to many mistakes. Do not be afraid of difficult tasks, but do not become careless when a job is too easy. Keep away from rowdy places, and do not ask about things that are abnormal or unusual.
（18）When you are about to enter a main entrance, ask if someone is inside. Before entering a room, make yourself heard, so that those inside know someone is approaching. If someone asks who you are, give your name. To answer ¨It is me〃 or ¨Me〃 is not clear. Before borrowing things from others, you must ask for permission. If you do not ask, it is stealing. When borrowing things from others, return them promptly. Later on, when you have an urgent need, you will not have a problem borrowing from them again.
Chapter 4: Be Trustworthy（信）
（19） When you speak, honesty is important. Deceitful words and lies are not allowed. Rather than talking too much, it is better to speak less. Speak the truth, do not twist the facts. Cunning words, foul language, and bad habits must be avoided at all costs.
（20） What you have not seen with your own eyes, do not readily tell to others. What you do not know for sure, do not readily pass on to others. When asked to do something that is inappropriate or bad, do not promise lightly. If you do, you will be wrong either way. When speaking, make the words clear and to the point. Do not talk too fast or mumble.
Some like to talk about the good points of others, while some like to talk about the faults of others. If it is none of your business, do not get involved.
（21） When you see others do good deeds, think about following their example. Even though your own achievements are still far behind those of others, you are getting closer. When you see others do wrong, immediately reflect upon yourself. If you have made the same mistake, correct it. If not, be extra cautious not to make the same mistake.
（22） When your morals, conduct, knowledge, and skills are not as good as others, you should encourage yourself to be better. If the clothes you wear, and the food you eat and drink are not as good as others, do not be ashamed.
（23） If criticism makes you angry and compliments make you happy, bad company will come your way and good friends will shy away. If you are uneasy about compliments and appreciative of criticism, sincere and understanding virtuous people will gradually be close to you.
（24） If your mistake is not done on purpose, it is only an error. If it is done on purpose, it is evil. If you correct your mistake and do not repeat it, you no longer have the mistake. If you try to cover it up, you will be doubly wrong.
Chapter 5: Love All Equally（泛爱众）
（25） Human Beings, regardless of nationality, race, or religion-everyone- should be loved equally. We are all sheltered by the same sky and we all live on the same planet Earth.
（26） A person of high ideals and morals is highly respected. What people value is not based on outside appearance. A personˇs outstanding ability will naturally honor him with a good reputation. Admiration from others does not come from boasting or praising oneself.
（27） If you are a very capable person, use your abilities for the benefit of others. Other peopleˇs competence should not be slandered. Do not flatter the rich, or despise the poor. Do not ignore old friends, and take delight in new ones. When a person is busy, do not bother him with matters. When a personˇs mind is not at peace, do not bother him with words.
（28） If a person has a shortcoming, do not expose it. If a person has a secret, do not tell others. Praising the goodness of others is a good deed in itself. When people approve of and praise you, you should feel encouraged and try even harder. Spreading rumors about the wrongdoings of others is a wrongdoing in itself. When the harm done has reached the extreme, misfortunes will surely follow. When encouraging each other to do good, the virtues of both are built up. If you do not tell others of their faults, you will both be wrong.
（29） Whether you take or give, you need to know the difference between the two. It is better to give more and take less. What you ask others to do, first ask yourself if you will do it. If it is not something you will do, ask not others to do it. You must repay the kindness of others and let go of your resentments. Spend less time holding grudges and more time paying back the kindness of others.
（30） When you are directing maids and servants, you should be respectable and dignified. Even though you are respectable and dignified, treat them kindly and generously. If you use your influence to make them submissive, their hearts will never be with you. If you can convince them with sound reasoning, they will then have nothing more to say.
Chapter 6: Be Close to and Learn from People of Virtue and Compassion （亲仁）
（31） We are all human, but we are not the same. Most of us are ordinary; only a very few have great virtues and high moral principles. A truly virtuous person is greatly respected by others. He will not be afraid to speak the truth and he will not fawn on others. If you are close to and learn from people of great virtue and compassion, you will benefit immensely. Your virtues will grow daily and your wrongdoings will lessen day by day. If you are not close to and learn from people of great virtue, you will suffer a great loss. People without virtue will get close to you and nothing you do will succeed.
Chapter 7: After All the Above Are Accomplished, Study Further and Learn Literature and Art to Improve Your Cultural and Spiritual Life （余力学文）
（32） If you so not actively make use of what you have learned, but continue to study on the surface, your knowledge is increasing but it is only superficial. What kind of person will you be? If you do apply your knowledge diligently, but stop studying, you will only do things based on your own opinion, thinking it is correct. In fact, what you know is not the truth.
（33） There are methods to study correctly. They involve concentration in three areas: your mind, your eyes, and your mouth. To believe in what you read is equally important. When you begin to read a book, do not think about another. If you have not completed the book, do not start another. Give yourself lots of time to study, and study hard. Given time and effort,[26] you will thoroughly understand. If you have a question, make a note of it. Ask the person who has the knowledge for the right answer.
（34） Keep your room neat, your walls uncluttered and clean, your desk tidy and your brush[27] and inkstone[28] properly placed. If your ink block[29] is ground unevenly, it shows you have a poor state of mind.
When words are written carelessly, showing no respect, it shows your state of mind has not been well. The books[30] should be classified, placed on the book shelves, and in their proper places. After you finish reading a book, put it back in its right place. Even though you are in a hurry neatly roll up and bind the open bamboo scroll you were reading. Any missing or damaged pages are to be repaired. If it is not a book on the teachings of the saints and sages, it should be discarded and not even be looked at. These other books can block your intelligence and wisdom, and will undermine your aspiration and sense of direction. Neither be harsh on yourself, nor give up on yourself. To be a person of high ideals, moral standards and virtue is something we can all attain in time.
[1] Select from Analects of Confucius, Book⒐, Chapter 6. It was taught by Confucius, Mencius, and other Chinese saints and sages of the ancient past.
[2] ¨Xiao〃 and ¨Ti〃 have been the very foundation of Chinese culture for five thousand years. Xiao ¨У〃 means to be dutiful to oneˇs parents with affection, and to understand the basic relationship of grandparents, parents and self. In ideogram form, xiao has two components- the top part of xiao is the top portion of the word elder ¨ρ〃 and the bottom part is the word son ¨.〃 Combined, it implies that the older generation and the younger generation are one: that there should be no gap between them. In Buddhism, the meaning is further extended. Outside the family, the child should treat every male and female of the parentsˇ generation as if they were the childˇs own father and mother. Ti ¨〃 means sincere fraternal love. Here it is used more as the principle and standard of conduct of the younger brother towards his older brother when the younger brother is away from home. In Buddhism, its meaning also extends further to include conduct towards all older persons of any one generation.
[3] 〃To believe in the teachings of the ancient saints and sages〃 means to actually practice and put the teachings of the ancient saints and sages into effect.
[4] For example, in Buddhism, it is considered breaking the precept of not stealing if you borrow a piece of paper or take someoneˇs pen without permission. It is considered breaking the precept of not killing if you kill an ant or mosquito. If you lie or talk about someone behind his back, you have broken the precept of not lying, etc.
[5] Your parents will be saddened by your actions, because if their child behaves in such a way when he is still young, then he will probably twist the law in order to obtain bribes and be a curse to his country and his people when he grows up.
[6] If what pleases your parents is illegitimate or unreasonable, you should tactfully dissuade your parents, and tell them the reasons why they should not have it.
[7] You should lead your parents to proper views and understanding of things.
[8] Virtues are standards and principles of one’s conduct. In China a man’s conduct is ruled by “Wu Chang” 五常and “Ba De”八德. “Wu Chang” are the five moral principles: kindheartedness 仁, personal loyalty義, proper etiquette 禮, wisdom智, and trustworthiness信. “Ba De” are the eight virtues: duty to parents 孝, respect for elders悌, loyalty忠, credibility信, proper etiquette禮, personal loyalty義, a sense of honor廉, and a sense of shame恥.
[9] In ancient China, when a child did not obey the parents, the parents were allowed to discipline the child. If a child refused to be disciplined, the parents had the right to ask the authorities to have the child executed.
[10] Chinese people take herbal medicine prescribed by Chinese doctors. Herbs are boiled with water to make a liquid medicine. Before giving such medicine to oneˇs parents, a child should taste it first to make sure it is not too hot or too bitter.
[11] In ancient China, etiquette for funerals was set by the emperor.
[12] When our parents were alive, we should have treated them with our love and respect. After they pass away, we should arrange their funerals with our deepest sorrow. For all the subsequent commemorations and anniversaries held, we should show our love and respect as if they were still alive.
[13] Parents are happy when their children get along with each other. This is one way children can show they are dutiful to their parents.
[14] In Ancient China, a male person had at least two names. The first name was the ¨given name,〃 which was given to him by his parents when he was born. A second name was given to him by his friends when he reached the age of 20, at a ¨Ceremony of the Hat〃 given in his honor to announce his coming of age. After that only his parents called him by his ¨given name.〃 Everyone else, out of respect, including the emperor, could only call him by his second name. The only exception was if he committed a crime. During sentencing, he would be called by his ¨given name.〃
[15] In Ancient China, most people used horses or carriages as their means of transportation.
[16] See footnote 14.
[17] See footnote 2.
[18] See footnote 2.
[19] There is an old Chinese proverb: ¨A unit of time is as precious as a unit of gold, but you cannot buy back one unit of time with one unit of gold.〃 It means that time is really very precious, as no amount of money can buy time.
[20] In ancient China, when a male wore a hat, it meant he had passed the age of becoming an adult.
[21] In ancient China, in place of buttons, people used hooks. When dressed, hooks had to be tied.
[22] In ancient China, people paid their respect to other people by bowing, holding one hand over the other which is closed, or prostrating on the ground.
[23] In ancient China, curtains were made of bamboo strips woven together. They were used to shelter a room from view.
[24] Even though a container may be empty, out of reverence to things, whether living or not, one should treat it with respect and handle it with care.
[25] In ancient China, a virtuous man always behaved properly, regardless of whether he was alone or with others.
[26] If you do not understand part of book you are reading, read it again and again, even for a thousand times. Its meaning will come to you naturally.
[27] ¨Brush〃 here means a Chinese writing brush.
[28] ¨Inkstone〃 is a stone stand used for the preparing and holding the ink used in Chinese brush calligraphy.
[29] ¨Ink block〃 is a solid ink piece. A person grinds it with water against he inkstone to make ink for writing Chinese brush calligraphy.
[30] Here ¨books〃 refer to books on laws, constitutions, and the structural systems of a nation.
Standards for Being a Good Student and Child
OUTLINE （总叙）
(1)¨Standards for Being a Good Student and Child〃 [1]was taught by Chinese saints and sages of the ancient past. First, it teaches you how to be dutiful to your parents, and how to be respectful and loving to your siblings.[2] Then it teaches you how to be cautious with all people, matters, and things in your daily life, and how to be a trustworthy person, and to believe in the teachings of the ancient saints and sages.[3] Furthermore, it teaches you to love all equally, and to be close to and learn from people of virtue and compassion. When you have accomplished all the above duties, you can study further and learn literature and art to improve the quality of your cultural and spiritual life.
Chapter 1: At home, Be Dutiful to Your Parents（入则孝）
(2) When your parents call you, answer them right away. When they command you to do something, do it quickly. When your parents instruct you, listen respectfully. When your parents reproach you, obey and accept their scolding; try hard to change and improve yourself and start anew.
（3） In the winter, keep your parents warm; in the summer, keep your parents cool. Greet them in the morning to show them that you care. At night be sure that they rest well. Before going out, tell your parents where you are going, for parents are always concerned about their children. After returning home, go and see your parents to let them know you are back, so they do not worry about you. Have a permanent place to stay and lead a routine life. Persist in whatever you do and do not change your aspirations at will.
（4） Although a matter may be considered trivial, but if it is wrong to do it or unfair to the other person, do not do it thinking it will bear little or no consequence. [4] If you do, you are not being a dutiful child because parents do not want to see their child doing things that are irrational or illegal. Even though an object may be small, do not hoard it. If you do, your parents will be heartbroken.[5]
（5）If whatever pleases your parents is fair and reasonable, try your best to get it for them.[6] Should something displease your parents, if within reason,[7] cautiously keep it away from them. When your body is hurt, your parents will be worried. If your virtues[8] are compromised, your parents will feel ashamed. When you have loving parents, it is not difficult to be a dutiful child. But if you are still dutiful to parents who hate you, only then will it meet the standards for being a dutiful child.
（6）When your parents do wrong, urge them to change. Do it with a kind facial expression_ and a warm gentle voice. If they do not accept your advice, wait until they are in a happier mood before you dissuade them again, followed by crying to make them understand why. If they end up whipping you,[9] do not hold a grudge against them.
（7） When your parents are ill, taste the medicine first before giving it to them.[10] Take care of them night and day; do not leave their bedside. During the first three years of mourning after they passed away, remember them with gratitude and feel sad often for not being able to repay them for their kindness in raising you. During this period you should arrange your home to reflect your grief and sorrow. Avoid festivities and indulgence in food and alcoholic drinks. Observe the proper etiquette[11] in arranging their funerals. Hold the memorial ceremony and commemorate their anniversaries with your utmost sincerity. Serve your departed parents as if they were still alive.[12]
Chapter 2: Standards for a Younger Brother When Away from Home （出则弟）
（8） Older siblings should befriend the younger ones, younger siblings should respect and love the older ones. Siblings who keep harmonious relationships among themselves are being dutiful to their parents.[13] When siblings value their ties more than property and belongings, no resentment will grow among them. When siblings are careful with words and hold back hurtful comments, feelings of anger naturally die out.
（9） Whether you are drinking, eating, walking, or sitting, let the elders go first; younger ones should follow. When an elder is asking for someone, get that person for him right away. If you cannot find that person, immediately report back, and put yourself at he elderˇs service instead.
（10） When you address an elder, do not call him by his given name.[14] This is in accord with ancient Chinese etiquette. In front of an elder, do not show off. If you meet an elder you know on the street, promptly clasp your hands and greet him with a bow. If he does not speak to you, step back and respectfully stand aside. Should you be riding on a horse and you spot an elder you know walking[15], you should dismount and pay respect to the elder. If you are riding in a carriage,[16] you should stop, get out of the carriage, and ask if you can give him a ride. If you meet an elder passing by, you should stand aside and wait respectfully; do not leave until you can no longer see him.
（11） When an elder is standing, do not sit. After an elder sits down, sit only when you are told to do so. Before an elder, speak softly. But if your voice is too low and hard to hear, it is not appropriate. When meeting an elder, walk briskly towards him; when leaving, do not exit in haste. When answering a question, look at the person who is asking you the question.
（12） Serve your uncles as if you are serving your parents; [17] Treat your cousins as if they are your own siblings.[18]
Chapter 3: Be Cautious in Your Daily Life （谨）
（13） Get up in the morning before your parents; at night, go to bed only after they have gone to sleep. When you realize that time is passing you by and cannot be turned back, and that you are getting older year by year, you will especially treasure the present moment.[19] When you get up in the morning, wash your face and brush your teeth. After using the toilet, always wash your hands.
（14） You must wear your hat straight,[20] and make sure the hooks[21] of your clothes are tied. Make sure socks and shoes are worn neatly and correctly. Place your hat and clothes away in their proper places. Do not carelessly throw your clothes around, for that will get them dirty.
（15） It is more important that your clothes are clean, rather than how extravagant they are. When with an elder or people of importance, wear what is suitable for your station. At home, wear clothes according to your family traditions and customs. When it comes to eating and drinking, do not pick and choose your food. Eat only the right amount; do not over eat. You are still too young, do not drink alcohol. When you are drunk, your behavior will turn ugly.
（16） Walk composed, with light and even steps. Stand up straight and tall. Your bows should be deep, with hands held in front and arms rounded. Always pay your respect with reverence.[22] Do not step on doorsills. Do not stand leaning on one leg. Do not sit with your legs apart or sprawled out. Do not rock the lower part of your body while sitting down.
（17） Lift the curtain slowly,[23] do not make a sound. Leave yourself room when you turn to make sure you do not bump into a corner. Hold carefully empty containers as if they were full.[24] Enter empty rooms as if they were occupied.[25] Avoid doing things in a hurry, as doing things in haste will lead to many mistakes. Do not be afraid of difficult tasks, but do not become careless when a job is too easy. Keep away from rowdy places, and do not ask about things that are abnormal or unusual.
（18）When you are about to enter a main entrance, ask if someone is inside. Before entering a room, make yourself heard, so that those inside know someone is approaching. If someone asks who you are, give your name. To answer ¨It is me〃 or ¨Me〃 is not clear. Before borrowing things from others, you must ask for permission. If you do not ask, it is stealing. When borrowing things from others, return them promptly. Later on, when you have an urgent need, you will not have a problem borrowing from them again.
Chapter 4: Be Trustworthy（信）
（19） When you speak, honesty is important. Deceitful words and lies are not allowed. Rather than talking too much, it is better to speak less. Speak the truth, do not twist the facts. Cunning words, foul language, and bad habits must be avoided at all costs.
（20） What you have not seen with your own eyes, do not readily tell to others. What you do not know for sure, do not readily pass on to others. When asked to do something that is inappropriate or bad, do not promise lightly. If you do, you will be wrong either way. When speaking, make the words clear and to the point. Do not talk too fast or mumble.
Some like to talk about the good points of others, while some like to talk about the faults of others. If it is none of your business, do not get involved.
（21） When you see others do good deeds, think about following their example. Even though your own achievements are still far behind those of others, you are getting closer. When you see others do wrong, immediately reflect upon yourself. If you have made the same mistake, correct it. If not, be extra cautious not to make the same mistake.
（22） When your morals, conduct, knowledge, and skills are not as good as others, you should encourage yourself to be better. If the clothes you wear, and the food you eat and drink are not as good as others, do not be ashamed.
（23） If criticism makes you angry and compliments make you happy, bad company will come your way and good friends will shy away. If you are uneasy about compliments and appreciative of criticism, sincere and understanding virtuous people will gradually be close to you.
（24） If your mistake is not done on purpose, it is only an error. If it is done on purpose, it is evil. If you correct your mistake and do not repeat it, you no longer have the mistake. If you try to cover it up, you will be doubly wrong.
Chapter 5: Love All Equally（泛爱众）
（25） Human Beings, regardless of nationality, race, or religion-everyone- should be loved equally. We are all sheltered by the same sky and we all live on the same planet Earth.
（26） A person of high ideals and morals is highly respected. What people value is not based on outside appearance. A personˇs outstanding ability will naturally honor him with a good reputation. Admiration from others does not come from boasting or praising oneself.
（27） If you are a very capable person, use your abilities for the benefit of others. Other peopleˇs competence should not be slandered. Do not flatter the rich, or despise the poor. Do not ignore old friends, and take delight in new ones. When a person is busy, do not bother him with matters. When a personˇs mind is not at peace, do not bother him with words.
（28） If a person has a shortcoming, do not expose it. If a person has a secret, do not tell others. Praising the goodness of others is a good deed in itself. When people approve of and praise you, you should feel encouraged and try even harder. Spreading rumors about the wrongdoings of others is a wrongdoing in itself. When the harm done has reached the extreme, misfortunes will surely follow. When encouraging each other to do good, the virtues of both are built up. If you do not tell others of their faults, you will both be wrong.
（29） Whether you take or give, you need to know the difference between the two. It is better to give more and take less. What you ask others to do, first ask yourself if you will do it. If it is not something you will do, ask not others to do it. You must repay the kindness of others and let go of your resentments. Spend less time holding grudges and more time paying back the kindness of others.
（30） When you are directing maids and servants, you should be respectable and dignified. Even though you are respectable and dignified, treat them kindly and generously. If you use your influence to make them submissive, their hearts will never be with you. If you can convince them with sound reasoning, they will then have nothing more to say.
Chapter 6: Be Close to and Learn from People of Virtue and Compassion （亲仁）
（31） We are all human, but we are not the same. Most of us are ordinary; only a very few have great virtues and high moral principles. A truly virtuous person is greatly respected by others. He will not be afraid to speak the truth and he will not fawn on others. If you are close to and learn from people of great virtue and compassion, you will benefit immensely. Your virtues will grow daily and your wrongdoings will lessen day by day. If you are not close to and learn from people of great virtue, you will suffer a great loss. People without virtue will get close to you and nothing you do will succeed.
Chapter 7: After All the Above Are Accomplished, Study Further and Learn Literature and Art to Improve Your Cultural and Spiritual Life （余力学文）
（32） If you so not actively make use of what you have learned, but continue to study on the surface, your knowledge is increasing but it is only superficial. What kind of person will you be? If you do apply your knowledge diligently, but stop studying, you will only do things based on your own opinion, thinking it is correct. In fact, what you know is not the truth.
（33） There are methods to study correctly. They involve concentration in three areas: your mind, your eyes, and your mouth. To believe in what you read is equally important. When you begin to read a book, do not think about another. If you have not completed the book, do not start another. Give yourself lots of time to study, and study hard. Given time and effort,[26] you will thoroughly understand. If you have a question, make a note of it. Ask the person who has the knowledge for the right answer.
（34） Keep your room neat, your walls uncluttered and clean, your desk tidy and your brush[27] and inkstone[28] properly placed. If your ink block[29] is ground unevenly, it shows you have a poor state of mind.
When words are written carelessly, showing no respect, it shows your state of mind has not been well. The books[30] should be classified, placed on the book shelves, and in their proper places. After you finish reading a book, put it back in its right place. Even though you are in a hurry neatly roll up and bind the open bamboo scroll you were reading. Any missing or damaged pages are to be repaired. If it is not a book on the teachings of the saints and sages, it should be discarded and not even be looked at. These other books can block your intelligence and wisdom, and will undermine your aspiration and sense of direction. Neither be harsh on yourself, nor give up on yourself. To be a person of high ideals, moral standards and virtue is something we can all attain in time.
[1] Select from Analects of Confucius, Book⒐, Chapter 6. It was taught by Confucius, Mencius, and other Chinese saints and sages of the ancient past.
[2] ¨Xiao〃 and ¨Ti〃 have been the very foundation of Chinese culture for five thousand years. Xiao ¨У〃 means to be dutiful to oneˇs parents with affection, and to understand the basic relationship of grandparents, parents and self. In ideogram form, xiao has two components- the top part of xiao is the top portion of the word elder ¨ρ〃 and the bottom part is the word son ¨.〃 Combined, it implies that the older generation and the younger generation are one: that there should be no gap between them. In Buddhism, the meaning is further extended. Outside the family, the child should treat every male and female of the parentsˇ generation as if they were the childˇs own father and mother. Ti ¨〃 means sincere fraternal love. Here it is used more as the principle and standard of conduct of the younger brother towards his older brother when the younger brother is away from home. In Buddhism, its meaning also extends further to include conduct towards all older persons of any one generation.
[3] 〃To believe in the teachings of the ancient saints and sages〃 means to actually practice and put the teachings of the ancient saints and sages into effect.
[4] For example, in Buddhism, it is considered breaking the precept of not stealing if you borrow a piece of paper or take someoneˇs pen without permission. It is considered breaking the precept of not killing if you kill an ant or mosquito. If you lie or talk about someone behind his back, you have broken the precept of not lying, etc.
[5] Your parents will be saddened by your actions, because if their child behaves in such a way when he is still young, then he will probably twist the law in order to obtain bribes and be a curse to his country and his people when he grows up.
[6] If what pleases your parents is illegitimate or unreasonable, you should tactfully dissuade your parents, and tell them the reasons why they should not have it.
[7] You should lead your parents to proper views and understanding of things.
[8] Virtues are standards and principles of one’s conduct. In China a man’s conduct is ruled by “Wu Chang” 五常and “Ba De”八德. “Wu Chang” are the five moral principles: kindheartedness 仁, personal loyalty義, proper etiquette 禮, wisdom智, and trustworthiness信. “Ba De” are the eight virtues: duty to parents 孝, respect for elders悌, loyalty忠, credibility信, proper etiquette禮, personal loyalty義, a sense of honor廉, and a sense of shame恥.
[9] In ancient China, when a child did not obey the parents, the parents were allowed to discipline the child. If a child refused to be disciplined, the parents had the right to ask the authorities to have the child executed.
[10] Chinese people take herbal medicine prescribed by Chinese doctors. Herbs are boiled with water to make a liquid medicine. Before giving such medicine to oneˇs parents, a child should taste it first to make sure it is not too hot or too bitter.
[11] In ancient China, etiquette for funerals was set by the emperor.
[12] When our parents were alive, we should have treated them with our love and respect. After they pass away, we should arrange their funerals with our deepest sorrow. For all the subsequent commemorations and anniversaries held, we should show our love and respect as if they were still alive.
[13] Parents are happy when their children get along with each other. This is one way children can show they are dutiful to their parents.
[14] In Ancient China, a male person had at least two names. The first name was the ¨given name,〃 which was given to him by his parents when he was born. A second name was given to him by his friends when he reached the age of 20, at a ¨Ceremony of the Hat〃 given in his honor to announce his coming of age. After that only his parents called him by his ¨given name.〃 Everyone else, out of respect, including the emperor, could only call him by his second name. The only exception was if he committed a crime. During sentencing, he would be called by his ¨given name.〃
[15] In Ancient China, most people used horses or carriages as their means of transportation.
[16] See footnote 14.
[17] See footnote 2.
[18] See footnote 2.
[19] There is an old Chinese proverb: ¨A unit of time is as precious as a unit of gold, but you cannot buy back one unit of time with one unit of gold.〃 It means that time is really very precious, as no amount of money can buy time.
[20] In ancient China, when a male wore a hat, it meant he had passed the age of becoming an adult.
[21] In ancient China, in place of buttons, people used hooks. When dressed, hooks had to be tied.
[22] In ancient China, people paid their respect to other people by bowing, holding one hand over the other which is closed, or prostrating on the ground.
[23] In ancient China, curtains were made of bamboo strips woven together. They were used to shelter a room from view.
[24] Even though a container may be empty, out of reverence to things, whether living or not, one should treat it with respect and handle it with care.
[25] In ancient China, a virtuous man always behaved properly, regardless of whether he was alone or with others.
[26] If you do not understand part of book you are reading, read it again and again, even for a thousand times. Its meaning will come to you naturally.
[27] ¨Brush〃 here means a Chinese writing brush.
[28] ¨Inkstone〃 is a stone stand used for the preparing and holding the ink used in Chinese brush calligraphy.
[29] ¨Ink block〃 is a solid ink piece. A person grinds it with water against he inkstone to make ink for writing Chinese brush calligraphy.
[30] Here ¨books〃 refer to books on laws, constitutions, and the structural systems of a nation.
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